Rey, F. O., Valterio, C., Locatelli, L., Ramelet, A. A., & Felber, J. P. (1988). Lack of endocrine systemic side effects after topical application of spironolactone in man. Journal of endocrinological investigation, 11(4), 273–278. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03350151
Huang, W., Tian, C., Lin, B., & Yu, H. (2026). Efficacy of different topical spironolactone treatments for acne vulgaris: A meta-analysis. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 39(2), 406–414. https://doi.org/10.36721/PJPS.2026.39.2.REG.14557.1
Ayatollahi, A., Samadi, A., Bahmanjahromi, A., & Robati, R. M. (2021). Efficacy and safety of topical spironolactone 5% cream in the treatment of acne: A pilot study. Health science reports, 4(3), e317. https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.317
Noaimi, A., & Al-Saadi, S. R. (2021). Treatment of Acne Vulgaris by Topical Spironolactone Solution Compared With Clindamycin Solution. Cureus, 13(8), e17606. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.17606
AlEdani, E. M., Abo Zeid, M., Khalefa, K., Abbas, A. W., Aboali, A. A., Raslan, H. A. S., Shakhatreh, Z., Yakout, I. A., & Elrosasy, A. (2025). Oral and topical spironolactone in acne treatment: A meta-analysis of effectiveness and safety. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s archives of pharmacology, 398(7), 9005–9019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-025-03840-6
Wang, C., Du, Y., Bi, L., Lin, X., Zhao, M., & Fan, W. (2023). The Efficacy and Safety of Oral and Topical Spironolactone in Androgenetic Alopecia Treatment: A Systematic Review. Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology, 16, 603–612. https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S398950
Ammar, A. M., Elshahid, A. R., Abdel-Dayem, H. A., Mohamed, A. A., & Elsaie, M. L. (2022). Dermoscopic evaluation of the efficacy of combination of topical spironolactone 5% and minoxidil 5% solutions in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia: A cross sectional-comparative study. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 21(11), 5790–5799. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.15328
Abdel-Raouf, H., Aly, U. F., Medhat, W., Ahmed, S. S., & Abdel-Aziz, R. T. A. (2021). A novel topical combination of minoxidil and spironolactone for androgenetic alopecia: Clinical, histopathological, and physicochemical study. Dermatologic therapy, 34(1), e14678. https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.14678
Wong, C. W., Wong, B. S., Ali, W., De Jesus, M. L., Melber, T. A., & Yee, R. W. (2023). Topical Spironolactone in the Treatment of Evaporative Dry Eye Disease. Cureus, 15(6), e41038. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.41038
Wong, C. W., Yang, A. A., Liu, C. Y., Watsky, M. A., Lu, X., Le, H. L., & Yee, R. W. (2023). Topical Spironolactone in the Treatment of Ocular Graft-Versus-Host Disease. Cureus, 15(9), e45136. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.45136
Dereiah, S., Ghori, M. U., & Conway, B. R. (2024). A Systematic Review of Spironolactone Nano-Formulations for Topical Treatment of Skin Hyperandrogenic Disorders and Chronic Wounds. Pharmaceutics, 17(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17010027
